Showing posts with label cuba. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cuba. Show all posts

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

Myers Case Brings More Bad PR for Short Wave Radio

Last week (June 18), the Washington Times ran a somewhat oversimplified and overwrought story regarding the role of HF radio in the recent arrest of a Cuban spy couple.

Anyone with any sophistication in this matter knows they're in for a rough ride when they see the headline:

EXCLUSIVE: Cuban spies' shortwave radios go undetected
Low-tech transmissions no big deal for U.S. intelligence


This, of course, is simply nonsense. The US FBI and possible other agencies have carefully monitored Cuban "numbers" for years. If they haven't made a big deal, it's because the US intelligence community is not in the habit of treating its national security operations as just another reality show. You'll never see "Spooks," where (between lengthy commercial breaks) we see people recording funny voices and Morse code from Cuba.

The story goes rapidly downhill from there:

"While some countries have moved to computer-based communications [for clandestine operations], Havana still largely relies on shortwave broadcasts," Mr. Simmons said.

The International Amateur Radio Union said there are more than 700,000 amateur radio operators in the United States.


"Simmons," of course, is Chris Simmons, a recently retired US counter-intelligence agent specializing in Cuban espionage. He knows his stuff, and everybody quotes him. And, indeed, the IARU may be right on the US ham count. So what? Is the reader supposed to connect these two and assume that hams are all smuggling information out of the country? How many hams even transmit on HF? (I haven't in years, due to urban interference and antenna issues.)

While we do have evidence of an M08a schedule from inside the US, its time and frequency would not support propagation back to Cuba. I've always thought it might be a relay to someone who can only listen in the dead of night and with the simplest equipment. What we do know, thanks to Mr. Simmons, is that Cuba probably has a lot more deep-cover recruits in the US than one would expect from such a small nation.

It gets better:

Though shortwave operators are required to have licenses to transmit in the United States, many do not, said one shortwave user, adding that used equipment is readily sold online.


This, again, may even be true, but there's no evidence whatsoever that the Meyers couple, or any of the others, actually transmitted messages back to Cuba. Well, we know that Meyers made dead drops in shopping carts and switched to Internet cafes. Nowhere in any reports of any of these cases does anyone ever mention transmitting.

There's more at the link. Especially humorous is the photo of their idea for a "covert short wave receiver." We are supposed to tremble and quake at the image of this nasty spy device, but I can't stop laughing. As part of their punishment, maybe we should make the Meyers actually try to copy V2 on this thing!

For some REAL information on the Meyers spy bust, check out Larry Van Horn's Shortwave Central blog. He has excerpts from the actual publicly filed criminal charges. Once again, key evidence consists of duplicates of known Cuban "numbers" transmissions found in the suspects' possession.

Doesn't look to me as if secret covert insidious spook nasty short wave is ignored by US intelligence.

Tuesday, June 09, 2009

Latest Cuban Spy Bust Spotlights V2 and M8

Once again, well-placed US government workers (in this case, retired) have been arrested on espionage charges.

Following an FBI sting, agents arrested Walter Kendall Myers, a former State Department analyst with a top-secret clearance, and his wife. They allegedly passed documents and intelligence to their Cuban handlers for something like 30 years.

FBI's 3-year investigation produced alleged evidence that they had received instructions from short wave voice and Morse code broadcasts, and made document drops in shopping carts. When surveillance cameras in markets improved, they switched to encrypted e-mail from Internet cafes.

Past testimony has given ample evidence that the mysterious V2, M8, and SK01 numbers broadcasts are indeed aimed at low-level, deep-cover spies operating in the US. Given the sloppy engineering of these, it's a wonder anyone gets their messages at all, but they apparently do just that.

Tuesday, January 22, 2008

V2x Is Again Nine-Less

Haven't heard any at all since that one transmission.

Oh, well.

Meanwhile the digital SK01 transmissions continue.

Tuesday, January 15, 2008

V02a Has 9's!

Yesterday I noted that the Cuban voice numbers transmissions (V02a, V02c) have recently had very few, if any, appearances of the figure "9" (nueve) in the Spanish messages.

This was true until this morning.

17435 is as loud as ever at 1700, and has plenty of 9's, as if a software issue had been addressed.

Do they read this stuff?

Monday, January 14, 2008

SK01 Has 9's

As many people have noticed, the number "9" is rarely (if ever) heard in the V2a Cuban voice numbers broadcasts. If the encryption is random, it seems odd that there wouldn't be any 9s. Why would this figure be excluded? Why is it present in filenames/headers for SK01 (the digital file transfers)?

One more mystery wrapped in a riddle shrouded in an enigma, no pun intended. (After all the German ENIGMA code had 9s.)

Is Cuba Going RDFT?

Probably not, but it's sure increasing, in a manner suggesting it may now be operational. From Jon in FL, as posted to Spooks, ENIGMA, and everywhere else:

2008-01-08 at 1800z on 8097 kHz AM SK01 RDFT
1800z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1808z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1812z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1817z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1819z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1822z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1827z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1832z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1838z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1842z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1847z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1852z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1856z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes

2008-01-08 at 1900z on 8097 kHz AM SK01 RDFT
1900z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1905z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1910z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1915z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1916z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1920z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1925z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1930z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1935z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1940z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
1945z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
1946z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
1950z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes

2008-01-08 at 2000z on 7887 kHZ AM SK01 RDFT
2000z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2005z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
2011z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
2015z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2021z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
2025z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
2032z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2036z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
2040z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
2045z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes

2008-01-08 at 2100z on 6855 kHz AM SK01 RDFT
2100z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2106z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2111z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2115z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2120z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes
2125z 48762671.TXT 190 Bytes
2130z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2137z 42645902.TXT 790 Bytes
2140z 45973423.TXT 461 Bytes

Thursday, September 13, 2007

Cuban DIGTRX Numbers 9/13/07

The Cuban numbers stations, always good for a surprise, are at it again.

On September 10, Tom Sevart heard a new digital mode (for them) on 17478 kHz USB at 1600 UTC, and again on 17436 kHz USB at 1700. This is an 8-tone modulation mode with distinctive beginning and ending signals. It was quickly identified by Tom and others as Redundant Digital File Transfer (RDFT), a mode with several submodes of varying transfer speeds. It's used by hams for transferring files, usually slow scan TV (SSTV) pictures. We've written about this before.

Today, September 13, Tom and I both heard transmissions at 1700 on 17436. They were in RDFT and another digital file transfer mode called HamDRM, an amateur version of the Digital Radio Mondial broadcast standard. The program in use identified itself as DIGTRX version 3.11, a free download available on all the usual ham radio sites.

The sending station ID in the DRM transmission was RAD01. The file being transferred was called nen12.txt. Its contents are a standard V02a/M08a three-message encrypted whatever, but without the formatting into 5-figure groups. We thank Tom for sharing his decode with the Internet.

It is interesting to speculate on whether RAD01 and nenxx.txt are internal names used in the Cuban numbers operation, or just special test names. Probably ultimately futile, but interesting.

Friday, May 04, 2007

More SK01 Variants

On May 3rd, SK01, the PSK version of the Cuban Morse code numbers (M08a), was heard on 6826 kHz at 0600 UTC with yet another new format using lines of "1" characters as a separator without the "2." Mode is PSK125, another one which can be received with MultiPSK. I have also noticed that the SK01 on 17 mHz has also occasionally dropped to PSK125. (Multipsk can autobaud these.)

PSK125 is a faster version of the better known PSK31 used by hams. PSK220F is a sped up PSK125 (220.5 baud) with convolution coding.

Monday, April 30, 2007

V2a On 17478 @ 1600

Recent improvements in propagation have made V2a's morning (our time) skeds audible here in The Land That Shortwave Forgot. No PSK mode is being used today as of 1630. We seem to be in a pattern where voice is used early in the week, PSK later.

Thursday, April 26, 2007

SK01 up at 1701 on 17436

Signal is weak here in The Noise Capital of the World, but it's definitely in there.
Mode sounds like PSK220F again.

Thursday, April 19, 2007

SK01 up at 1721 in PSK220F

After being absent for a few days, SK01 is in progress right now with cut numbers (letters) and regular figures (numbers) on 17436.0 in PSK220F.

Signal is fading, but strong on peaks, and Multipsk decodes it just fine. Look for a buzzy noise centered around 1000 Hz. Speed is 220 baud, much faster than PSK31.

Friday, April 06, 2007

V2a In Voice Today

At 1711 UTC, the Cuban transmission remains standard voice V2a, on 17436.0 kHz AM. The signal is fading badly in California, but I imagine I should be glad to hear it at all. Some kind of weird QRM or ???? keeps cutting in and out.

Listening...

Thursday, April 05, 2007

Cuban PSK Tries New Mode (PSK220F)

On April 5, the 1600 and 1700 UTC schedules of the new Cuban numbers using phase-shift keying gave us yet another surprise. The transmissions were in a relatively unknown mode named PSK220F, not the more normal PSK31 used by amateurs. The main difference is that PSK220F is much faster. As a result, the transmission was in both ordinary numbers and the "cut" numbers where letters are substituted.

The frequency used at 1600 UTC was 17478.0 kHz, and at 1700 UTC it was 17436.0 kHz.

A brief transmission in computer generated voice using the normal V2 mode preceded these PSK220F skeds, as if to let receiving stations know that something new was going to happen. Perhaps this other callup was a coded announcement.

Most amateur freeware does not decode PSK220F. One that I know does is the latest version (4.2) of MultiPSK. This is an amazing program for free. Don't let the old-school user interface fool you. It does a creditable job on a huge number of modes, with only a few of its advanced features disabled until it's paid for. MultiPSK is available at a couple of sites. The main site is F6CTE, with a US mirror at N8KBR, and UK here.

Thursday, March 15, 2007

Give Us This Day Our Daily SK01

17436 PSK31 in progress at 1708 UTC. Began like clockwork at 1700 with 10x 11111, missed some of callup due to operator stupidity (mine, not theirs), middle message is NNTWI, 3rd GTWGI. The signal is strong s7-9 but with frequent deep fades. The audio is way overdriven for PSK31 with heavy distortion causing missed characters at times.

UPDATE 1751 UTC: The signal cut abruptly without the usual 10x 22222 at 1730, back up at 1733 in mid-message, still going at 1052, much later than normal.

Wednesday, March 14, 2007

SK01 Makes Both Skeds

17436.0 kHz at 1700, started promptly in PSK31 with the 10x 11111 starting signal, then callup and message in modified M8a format, using the letters. Still in progress at 1720.

UPDATE 1732 UTC: SK01 abruptly changed to V2a at 1732, finished transmission in voice, "Final, final" at 1744 and gone.

Digipan has trouble with very long PSK transmissions, being designed for short amateur exchanges. Will try it with SkySweeper next time.

Cuban PSK 3/14

17478 5-figure group message in progress right now at 1605 UTC, weak into California. Appears to be the modified V2a sked.

Tuesday, March 13, 2007

Cuban PSK Continues

Today, two schedules.

1600 UTC 17478 kHz, modified V2a format. Repeats group 11111 at message start, 22222 at end. Three messages.

1700 UTC 17436 kHz, modified M8a format with the letters!!!! These are essentally meaningless in a Varicode direct printing mode, where they save a few bits per character, as opposed to cut-number Morse, where they save a huge amount of time. Presumably, Cuban spies and/or their software are used to them.

Both times in PSK31 mode, and audible worldwide. The ENIGMA 2000 designator is SK01. Apparently the PSK is here to stay.

Thursday, March 08, 2007

Cuban PSK Second Day

For the second day, March 7, the voice schedule on 17436 kHz at 1700 was transmitted in PSK31 instead, using the slightly altered format. The message was a repeat of March 6, this time with a little Radio Havana Cuba program leaking in.

Tuesday, March 06, 2007

Cuban PSK Broadcasts Again

The new Cuban PSK31 numbers broadcast (SK01) is back. It substituted for the normal voice sked on the new 1700 UTC frequency of 17436 kHz. The message format was not the standard V2a, but it seemed close, and much longer than the previous transmissions.

It ended with 10 repetitions of the group "22222," then the equals sign (=, meaning break) and then "tt," possibly an end-of-message signal ("todo, todo"?) , perhaps not.

SK01 will bear watching. It is straight PSK31, same type amateurs use. If you don't have a PSK31 program, Digipan is good, and it's free. MultiPSK is also good, and free. MixW is a nice comprehensive package including PSK31, but it is low priced shareware, not free.

Tuesday, February 27, 2007

Yet more V2a Changes

I can't keep up with them all. I need to do some listening to verify some of what I'm reading. There appears to be a new format, and of course we've already mentioned the new frequencies, which are creating loggings of the Cuban numbers worldwide.

More as it is verified.